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Issues in American commodity farming
Aside from food production, industrial agriculture also provides fuel sources and provides export opportunities. The three commodity crops are predominate: corn, soybeans and wheat. Every year, farmers use to for cultivating each of these three crops.〔Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007〕
== America's #1 commodity crop ==
America’s largest crop is corn (maize). Corn is a readily available, reliable, store able and versatile commodity. In the average American supermarket, corn derived ingredients can be found in one-fourth of everything on the shelves.〔Pollan 2006: 17–19〕 This includes not only food items, but also cosmetics, toiletries, cleaning products and household goods. Aside from that, corn is also used for the feeding of factory farm animals, for the production of alcohol, and can be used as a fuel source for both heat production and vehicles. On top of being a versatile commodity, corn has been genetically modified in a way that facilitates industrial-agricultural harvesting and large yields. Between the years 1920 and 1980, US corn yields increased 333 percent and continue to improve.〔 The strains of corn used for industrial farming are engineered to grow in a uniform, perfectly upright fashion that facilitates mechanical harvesting. Corn is also modified to thrive in crowded conditions; of land can accommodate around 30,000 plants and produce roughly 180 bushels of corn, with each bushel weighing in at 56 pounds.〔Pollen 2006: 36〕 Genetic modifications have made it possible for certain strains of corn to be naturally insect resistant. Cheap and readily available chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers have contributed greatly to high crop yields; corn has also been engineered to tolerate chemicals and to efficiently utilize petrochemical fertilizers.〔Pollen 2006: 30–31〕 Increases in the productivity of corn have helped to keep food prices low. America’s number one crop has an undeniably important place in both the economy and in peoples' diets. Versatility, affordability and the promise of large yields makes corn the perfect capitalist commodity crop. While commodity corn farming has important benefits, it can also have negative effects socially, economically and environmentally.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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